![]() Japan intended the attack as a preventive action. demand that Japan withdraw from China and French Indochina. Anticipating a negative response from the US, Japan sent out its naval attack groups in November 1941 just prior to receiving the Hull note-the U.S. end its sanctions against Japan, cease aiding China in the Second Sino-Japanese war, and allow Japan to access the resources of the Dutch East Indies. and Japan over the future of the Pacific. The attack was preceded by months of negotiations between the U.S. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning. The United States was a neutral country at the time the attack led to its formal entry into World War II on the side of the Allies the next day. ![]() (local time) on Sunday, December 7, 1941. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, just before 8:00 a.m. In “FDR’s ‘Day of Infamy’ Speech: Crafting a Call to Arms,” Prologue shows you pages from all the drafts, as well as the transcribed version of his actual delivery to Congress on December 8, 1941.Īnd for the record, Roosevelt never used the term “Day of Infamy ” he said “a date which will live in infamy.The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the U.S. The six-minute speech ended with a request for a declaration of war, which Congress approved within hours. And there’s even a “deity” paragraph inserted by top Presidential assistant Harry Hopkins. Prologue, the Quarterly of the National Archives, takes you through the various drafts of FDR’s so-called “Day of Infamy” speech, with images of pages with his hand-written changes in wording and updates on Japanese attacks on other U.S. ![]() We know, of course, that when FDR finished his wordsmithing of the speech that the first line, the one best remembered, turned out a little different: “Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by the naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.” Slowly and carefully, he dictated the rest of the speech, and Tully typed up the first draft for his review. (National Archives Identifier 593345) Annotated Draft of FDR’s Day of Infamy address. “Yesterday, December seventh, 1941, a date which will live in world history,” he began, “the United States was simultaneously and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of Japan.” Annotated Draft of FDR’s Day of Infamy address. ![]() Two of Roosevelt’s speechwriters were out of town, so the President summoned his secretary, Grace Tully, to take down dictation as he “drafted” one of the most famous speeches of the 20th century to deliver to Congress the next day. Hawaii was the home of the Pacific fleet, along with thousands of soldiers and sailors to man them. It was still unclear what the loss was in lives and ships and planes, but it would be high. Roosevelt learned that the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, just before 8 a.m. ![]() The telephone rang, and the White House operator put through the call. It was a favorite activity and one that allowed him to shut out the troubles of the world, if only for a little while. Early on a quiet Sunday afternoon in December 1941, the President of the United States was in his study at the White House working on his stamp album. ![]()
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